Hand weaving loom



mmvroza;

ATTORNEY.

5 Sheets-Sheet 2 H ADLER HAND WEAVING LOOM July 24, 1951 Filed Jan. 11,1950 July 24, 1951 H. ADLER HAND WEAVING LOOM 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 FiledJan. 11, 1950 mmvrom Henry Adler,

fizz/ b ATTORNEY.

July 24, 1951 H. ADLER HAND WEAVING LOOM 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed Jan. 11,1950 INVENTO Henr Mow

y Adler,

ATTORNEY.

H. ADLER HAND WEAVING LOOM .Fuly 24, 1951 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed Jan.11, 1950 INVENTOR: Henry A d I er,

ATTORNEY.

Patented July 24, 1 951 Henry Adler, Detroit, Mich., assignor ofone-half to Lillian Helm, Bloomfield Hills, Mich.

Application January 11, 1950, Serial No. 138,057

9 Claims.

. 1 Theobject oi my improvement is to raise the efiicieney oi thellooinas a whole, to improve certain elements of which the loom is composed,and to render'th'e attendance to certain functions preliminary to theoperation of the loom much more convenient. Specifically, the object ofmy improvement is to provide a more eificient warp beam, anarrangementwhereby the w'arp beam may be pivotally hinged to the frameof the loom," a novel and useful ari'angement whereby the heddlesused-in the loom may be threaded conveniently, and novel means used inconjunction with the warp beam for keeping the warp threads on the beamunder tension.

' These and other improvements will now be shown with reference to theaccompanying draw-- ings, in which: v v Fig. l'is 'a side view of myimproved loom; Fig. 2 is a top plan view of the loom;

Fig. 315 an end view of the loomasseen in the direction of the arrow:r'in Fig. 1;

Fig. i is a sectional viewof' anopera tive part or the 100m on-line 4-4of Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 isa partly sectional view on line 5--5 of '4; Fig. 6' is asectional view on line 66 of Fig. 4;

Fig. 7 is an end View towards the warp beam of my loom as seen in thedirection of arrows 'l'-l orsfig. 4;

Fig. 8 is a sectional view on line 8-8 of Fig. 4;

i Fig. 91s a perspective view of a fragment of a warp beam with atubular shaft and other operative elements therein;

' 10 is a perspective view showing the disposal of warp threads over thelease sticks of the loom I 11 is a perspective view of an accessoryequipment for the loom .for easy access to the heddles used therein;

12 is a perspective view of said equipment shown with respectto theoperative parts of the Fig. 13 is a sectional view on line l3-l3 of Fig.12;

14 is a sectional view on line l4--M of Fig; 15 is a sectional view online l5-l5 of 14; V H N a sectional View on line Iii-l6 of fragmentaryperspective view of an operative part of the loom shown in FigQM; Fig.18 is a perspective view of a calibrated reed holder used in the loom;

Fig. 19 is a sectional view taken on 1inel9l9 ofFig.3. M

Similar numerals refer throughout the several views.

The framework of the loom. is made of metal, preferably of metal tubing,and results in. a compact-but strong construction, including two frontto similar parts legs l0 and two rear legs H and He, each leg closure isprovided with a flange, 29 and 39 renected by means of a shank to sleeve22.

being joined to the leg rearwardly therefrom by a strut 2, said strutbeing in a spaced relation to floor l3 on which the loom is located.Integrally connected to each rear leg is a horizontal top member M ofthe frame, said member being joined to a vertical standard 55 turnedover at thetop to form a horizontal arm 6. The lower end of the standardismounted on the respective strut l2, as is best shown in Fig. 1.Mounted upon leg Ila is a bracket l1 including two horizontal ears i8.Journalled within said cars is a vertical pin I9; the lower end thereofbeinghollowed, as shown at 2B, and threaded internally for reception ofa bolt 2| passing through the aperture in the lower ear [8 of bracketIT. A

sleeveZZ-fits over said pin It] and between ears H3, and includes,midway its length, a horizontal integrally formed shank 23.Telescopically fitting over the shank and supported thereby is a tubularshaft 24 which forms an axial element of a warp beam generally indicatedby numeral 25. The beam is made in the form of a hollow cylinder,including an outer shell 25 and two circular plug-like end closures 21and 28. Each spectively, and with a central opening serving as a.bearing for shaft 24. One of said end olesures, namely, closure 21,adjoining the vertical. pin la, is in a face to face abutment with aratchet wheel 3| which is axially seated upon said shaft 24 and weldedthereto, as shown at 32, for rotation with said shaft. A pawl 33pivotall'yaiiixed to -flange 29 and urged into engagement with the teethof the wheel by a spring 34 permits rotation of the shaft in onedirection only. Closure 28, at the other end of the beam, is providedwith ratchet teeth 35, while a pawl 36, pivotally mounted on leg ll, isdesigned for engagement of said teeth and to control the rotation of thebeam with the shaft therein. The

rotary movement of the beam with the shaft may be effected by means of amanually operated driving wheel 31 provided with radial handles 38. Thewheel is secured in place upon theend of the shaft remote from shank 23by means of a pin 35) passing diametrically through said shaft, as bestshown in Fig. 4.

As already described, the warp beam 25 is supported by shaftz l, which,at one end, is conthe opposite end the shaft rests in a fragmentary oropen bearing 46 mounted on leg H, asbest shown in Fig. 7. The bearing isin the nature of a supportin lug from which the shaft may be readilyremoved by being slightly raised upwardly to clear a hump 4!, whereuponthe shaft with the beam 25 may be swung away from said leg ll. Embracingshaft 24 within beam 25 is a plurality of annular clamps 42 dis-' posedin a spaced relation to each other to permit rotation of the shafttherewithin. Each clamp carries an eye member 43 which projectstherefrom radially, as best shown in Fig. 8. The 1 pairs of openings 44,as best shown in Figs. 4

and 8, the pairs being spaced with respect to each other to correspondto the spacing of clamps 42. A cord 45 knotted to the shaft close to oneend closure of beam 25 is wound around the shaft, as shown in Fig. 4,then passes through the first eye member 43, as shown in Fig. 9, and isdrawn outwardly through one opening 44 in the first pair of saidopenings. Formed into a loop 46, the cord is returned through the otheropening 44 of the same pair, is rethreaded through eye 43, as shown at45a, and is carried towards the next clamp. Here said cord again passesthrough an eye member 43, and so on, and forms another loop 46 in themanner already described. Altogether, as many such loops are formed asthere are clamps 42. The opposite end of the cord, after having formedthe last loop 46a, is free to be wound again about shaft 24 and to beknotted thereto to prevent displacement thereof.

Loops 46 serve as connecting means to a horizontal bar or stick 41, thestick in turn serving as a means to which individual warp threads 48 maybe tied, as shown at 49. Carried upwardly, warp threads 48 pass over ahorizontal stretching beam 50, the ends of which are journalled at 50cwithin the horizontal top members 14 of the framework. The warp threadsare drawn in the conventional manner through lease sticks and 52disposed parallel to each other transversely to the direction of thethreads. The arrangement requires that every second thread should passover the first stick and under the second stick, while every otherthread should pass initially under the first lease stick and over thesecond one, as best shown in Fig. 10. Guiding means for the lease sticksinclude two flexible cables 53, each being, at one end, anchored to aneyelet 54 mounted on the horizontal top member 14. Each cable isremovably mounted at its other end to one end of the nearer leasesticks, that is, lease stick 5!, as shown in Figs. 2 and 10. Shortlengths of cable 55 connect the lease sticks in parallel relation toeach other.

As in the course of the weaving the warp is subjected to what is knownas shedding when certain threads of the Warp are made to assume anangular position with respect to other threads, the customary practicerequires that the individual threads be controlled by heddles 56 and56a. The heddles are suspended at the top from harness sticks 51 and 51arespectively, the harness sticks being suspended by means of cords 58from two-armed heddle horses 59 and 59a, respectively. Each horsedepends from a separate cord 66, each cord passing over a separatepulley 6|. The pulleys are mounted on a shaft 6?. journalled at its endsin standards 15. having passed over its pulley, each cord supports atits opposite end another heddle horse 5%,,

which in turn holds up a harness stick 51a with.

After harness sticks 63 and 63a, respectively. As the construction iswell known, details thereof are means ofsaid pedals 64.

While in the above description only two sets 'ofheddles were shown, theactual number of sets of heddles may vary according to the nature of thetextile material to be produced. In all such cases the threading of theeyes is a tedious procedure made inconvenient by reason of the positionof the heddles within the framework of the loom. To simplify saidprocedure and to make the heddlesv more accessible, I have devisedsupplementary equipment shown in Figs. 11 12, and 13. The equipmentincludes a gate composed of a vertical cylindrical member 69 pro videdwith an axial socket 10 to fit over the upper end 19a of shaft 19,already described herein and best shown in Figs. 1, 4, and 12. Radiallyextending from said cylindrical member 69 in the same direction at twodifferent levels are two rails, a top one 1| and a lower one 12. Therails may be made of one length of stock which is looped back uponitself, as shown at 13. For rigidity the rails are kept in their spacedrelation by a plurality of vertical struts 14. It will be noted that thewarp beam 25 is mounted directly below the gate, that is, directly belowrails 1| and 12, parallel thereto, and that shaft 24, which supportssaid beam, is also disposed radially and connected by intermediate meansto the same shaft 19. As 'a result thereof, the beam and the gate swinghorizontally from said shaft as a unit.

Slidingly mounted on the upper rail 1| of the gate are two racks 15,each of the racks including a horizontal arm 16 having, at one end, a

framework, as shown in Fig. 11.

hook-shaped member 11 to fit over the top rail, while the lower portionof said member bears against the lower rail 12. Each arm has a pluralityof transverse slots 16, the slots in one arm being alined with those ofthe other. Said slots serve for reception of harness sticks 51,described above, before said sticks are suspended from heddle horses 59,as set out hereinabove. Suspended from the lower rail 12 by means ofshort links 19 is a stretching bar 80. Individual harness sticks may besupported within the respective pair of slots 18 in said racks, with theheddles 56 depending therefrom, as shown in Fig. 12, and

held extended by the weight of the lower harness sticks 63. A pin 8| maybe thrust into the arm lengthwise through a bore 82 so that the pin willpass across slot 18 and through holes 83 in the harness sticks 51. Whilethe heddles are in the position just above-described, individual warpthreads 48 may be conveniently threaded through eyes 68 of said heddles,as best shown in Fig. 12. Once this has been done, the racks 15 may belifted with the whole gate off the upper end of shaft [.9 and mountedupon a short pin 84 upon the horizontal top member l4 of the Here thetubular member 69 of the gate will fit over said pin 34, while theopposite end of the gate, specifically, the lower rail 12, will fit intoa slotted retaining member 85 mounted on member M of the frame.

It willbe noted thatin Fig. 12 the warp threads 48 are shown broken off,as at 86. It is at about this position of the threads that the leasesticks 5| and: 52 are located when the heddles are to be threaded, asshown in Fig. 10. For that purpose the leasesticks would be firstdisconnected from cables 53, shown in Fig. 10. In Fig. 12 the leasesticks have been omitted to avoid confusion in presentation of the novelfeatures of the supplementary equipment shown in said figure.

Another novel feature of myimproved loom pertains to a combined. reedand: beater, generally identified by numeral 81. The device comprisestwo parallel and vertically-spaced rails 88, the

rails being U-shaped in cross-section, the open side of one rail beingopposed to the open side of the other rail. Said rails are connected bytwo upright rods 83 disposed crosswise at the respective ends of saidrails. At the upper end therods are joined to a horizontal shaft 90supported at each end within one of the notches St in a horizontal bar92 on top of arm I6 of standard: I; A counter-weight 93 keeps thebeaterreed. combinationat a slightly inclined angle away from theoperator of the loom, who is sitting at the. end remote from the warpbeam, as best shown in Fig. 1. Slidingly disposed between rails 33 is areed 34 made inthe conventional form, that is, a reed including arectangular frame 95 and, a plurality of close-spaced vertical wires 96within said frame. Calibrations 91 upon the lower rail, on the outsidesurface thereof facing the operator, serve to guide the operator'scentering of the reed.

The textile material made on the loom by means of a shuttle in theusualmanner will pass over a breast beam 98 journalled within the topportions of legs Ill over a kneebeam 99 journalled within the frameworkat a level below the breast beam, and will be wound upon the cloth beamI journalledwithin bearings IIH supported at each side of the 100m on across-member I02 extending between. leg Ill and thestandard I5 on,saidside, as best shown in Fig. 1. The cloth beam is analogous instructure to that of the warp beam, and includes a cylindrical shell,I03 closed at one end by closure I04 andby closure I05 at the other end.The closures include centrallyelocated-bearings H16 and I01,respectively, for a tubular shaft ItBwhich isclisposeed axially withinthe shell, as best shown in Fig. 14. Projecting at each end beyond the,body of the. shell,

the shaft rests inbearings IOI already mentioned herein- A wheel, I09provided with. spokesv or handles. I It is mounted at one end of theshaft and is secured thereto by means of a pin III diametrically passingthrough said shaft. A plurality of bolts I I-Z, each; terminating withan eye at 3,, are secured to the shaft I08 and serve as intermediatemeans for passage of a cord. I14. The ends of the cord are tied to theshaft, as shown at H 5 and I I6, respectively, while a number of loopsII'l', formed by said cord, intermediate its ends, serve as connectingmeans to rope stick I I8. It is to the latter that individual warpthreads 48. are tied in the manner described with rete-rence to the warpbeam. To permit loops It? to be brought partly outwardly of the shell,the. latter is provided with holes H9 analogous to holes M in the warpbeam.

Still another novel feature has been designed by me for use with thewarp beam. This is shown 6. in Figs. 3, 9, and 19'. It pertains to anormally rolled-up sheet of pliable material, said sheet being designedto separate strands of threads of warp as said warp is wound upon thewarp beam. Here are the detailsof the construction: A roller I 20,similar to thatused for shades,"

and including a coiled-up spring: I24, is journalled at its ends Withinbrackets 'I2I mounted upon legs II and Ila of the framework of the loombelow the warp beam. Wound upon the roller is a sheet I22 of pliablematerial which may be of textile or plastic nature, the outer endportion of the sheetbeing provided with hooks I23. The hooks fit intoopenings 44 in the shell of the warpbeam and serve as means forattachment of the sheet to saidbeam. As the beam is rotated in thedirection of the arrow shown in Fig. 9 threads 48 of. the warp will besandwiched between layers of the rolled-up sheet, as shown in Fig. 19.The

sheet will keep the warp threads in one layer separate from the threadsof another layer, aiding in maintaining. even tension upon said threads.Should it be required, it would be an easy matter toadd to the sheetanother one by clamping it or by hooking it to the first-mentionedsheeet.

The manner in which the warp beam maybe used is as follows: individualthreads of the warp may be tied to stick: 41'. For convenience, thestick may be drawn away from the surface of the warp beam. This may beaccomplished by disengaging pawl 33from the teeth of the ratchet wheel3i which is seated uponshaft 24, whereupon cord 45 wound upon said shaftmay be un wound, permitting loops 46 to be drawn out through openings 44in the shell of the beam. The operation results in the rotation of theshaft within the beam while the beam itself remains stationary. When thewarp threads have been secured to stick 4? the rotation of the shaft maybe reversed by means of the ratchet wheel in order that the loops ofcord 45 be withdrawn into the beam until stick 41 bears against thesurface thereof. Now, to wind the warp upon the beam, said beam, withthe shaft, may be rotated by means of the driving wheel 31. In thecourse of making cloth, that is, in the final stages of the operationwhen the warpis unwound and drawn through heddles towards the clothbeam, stick 4?? may again be pulled away from the surface of said" warpbeam and gradually drawn up to the level of the horizontal members Id ofthe framework of the loom. This eliminates waste of the length of warpwhich otherwise would extend from the warp beam to the level of saidmembers I 4.

If it. is desired to separate the layers of the warpasit is wound up,this may be accomplished by means of the pliablesheetofmaterial-normally rolled. up on the roller I2llin a manneralready described above and illustrated in Figs. 3, 9, and 19.

Other novel features, like for instance the callbrated frame of thebeater and the structure of j a tubular shaft axiallydispose'd withinthe shell and projecting outwardly through said closure at each end ofthe shell, said shell being provided with a plurality of openings spacedfrom each other and arranged in a line parallel to the axis of theshell, a cord at one end tied to the'shaft within the shell adjoiningoneend closure, said cord passing through the openings outwardlytherefrom, a plurality of loops for connection to a bar disposedparallel to the shell for attachment of warp threads thereto, the otherend of the cord being tied to the shaft within the shell adjoining theother end closure, means to rotate the shaft within the shell, and meansto rotate the shell, the shaft being adapted to be rotated about itsaxis within the shell, means to rotate the shell and the shaft as aunit, and a pawl and ratchet arrangement at one end of the shellpermitting the rotation by the above-said means of the shaft alone.

2. In a handloom including a framework, as described, a warp beamcomprising a cylindrical shell, a plug-like closure within each endthereof, a tubular shaft axially disposed within the shell andprojecting outwardly through said closure at each end of the shell, aplurality of clamps on the shaft, each-clamp including an eye in aradial relation to the shaft, the clamps being spaced from each otherand loosely mounted on the shaft to permit the rotation of the shafttherewithin, said shell being provided with a pair of openings oppositethe eye of each clamp, a

opening of said pair and through the same eye and being tied to theshaft within the shell adjoining the other end closure thereof,.bearingson the framework for each end of the shaft, means to rotate the shaftwith the shell, the shaft being adapted to be rotated about its axiswithin the shell, means to rotate the shell and the shaft as a unit, anda pawl and ratchet arrangement at one end of the shell permitting therotation by the above-said means of the shaft alone.

3. In a handloom including a framework, as described, a warp beamcomprising a cylindrical shell, a plug-like closure within each endthereof, a tubular shaft axially disposed within the shell andprojecting outwardly through said closure at each end of the shell, aplurality of clamps on theshaft, each clamp including an eye in a radialrelation to the shaft, the clamps being spaced from each other andloosely mounted on the shaft to permit the rotation of the shafttherewithin, said shell having openings opposite the eyes of the clamp,a cord tied to the shaft within the shell adjoining one end closurepassing consecu- Y tively through the eye of each clamp and outwardlythrough the opening in the shell toreturn back to the shell through thesame respective eye, thus forming a loop for connection to a horizontalbar for attachment ofwarp threads thereto, means to support the shaft ateach end,

a ratchet wheel keyed to the shaft adjoining one,

8. the shaft at each end for rotation thereof about its axis.

4. A warp beam as described in claim 3 and pivotal means at one end ofsaid warp beam to allow it to be swung from said end horizontally awayfrom the framework of the loom.

5. In a loom including a framework, as described,in combination a warpbeam at the end of the framework, means whereby the warp beam ispivotally supported at one end of said framework and is adapted to beswung away in a horizontal plane from said end, two horizontal railsextending above and parallel to the warp beam, the rails being spacedfrom each other in a vertical plane, rack means mounted on the railstransversely thereto and a plurality of heddles suspended byintermediate means from said rack means, said rails being adapted toswing with the warp beam as a unit.

' 6. In a handloom including a framework, as

described, a warp beam at one end pivotally mounted upon a vertical pinafiixed to said framework, a gate above the warp beam, said gate beingalso pivotally mounted at one end upon the above vertical pin andextending parallel to said warp beam, a pair of horizontal racksremovably mounted on said gate transversely thereto, the racks beingadapted to support by intermediate means a plurality of heddles, saidgate being adapted to be swung horizontally from its'pivotal endtogether with said warp beam.

7. In a combination of elements as set forth in claim 6, a pair of rackscomprising horizontalarms, each of the arms being provided with aplurality of transverse slots for reception of harness sticks disposedparallel to the warp beam and supporting a plurality of heddlessuspended therefrom.

8. In combination with a warp beam of the kind described, a rollermounted for rotation parallel to said warp beam, a length of pliablefabric 9. In combination with a warp beam of the kind described, aroller mounted for rotation parallel to said warp beam, a length ofpliable fabric substantially co-extensive in width with the length ofsaid warp beam, said fabric being rolled upon said roller, and means atthe outer end of said fabric for attachment to the surface of the warpbeam, the fabric bein adapted to be wound upon the Warp beam to separatelayers of warp thereon.

, HENRY ADLER.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file ofthis patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,654,216 Gordon Dec. 27, 19271,952,904 Bostwick Mar. 27, 1934 2,302,519 Bexell Nov. 17, 19422,305,422 Herard, Jr. Dec. 15, 1942 2,447,227 Bergstrom Aug. 17, 19482,470,575 Norton May 17, 1949

